DSM-5-TR Diagnostic Tool
Diagnostic Criteria
Specifiers
Severity
Severity is determined by the number of criteria met.
ICD-10 Code: N/A
Generated Report
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Intellectual Developmental Disorder (Intellectual Disability)
Diagnostic Features
The essential features are deficits in general mental abilities (Criterion A) and impairment in everyday adaptive functioning (Criterion B), with onset during the developmental period (Criterion C). Diagnosis is based on clinical assessment and standardized testing. Intellectual functioning (Criterion A) involves reasoning, problem solving, etc., and is typically measured with IQ tests, with scores around two standard deviations below the mean (approx. 65-75). Adaptive functioning (Criterion B) refers to how a person meets community standards in conceptual, social, and practical domains.
Associated Features
Difficulties with social judgment, risk assessment, and self-management. Gullibility is often a feature, leading to risk of exploitation and victimization. Accidental injury rates may be increased.
Prevalence
Overall general population prevalence is approximately 1%.
Development and Course
Onset is in the developmental period. Age and features at onset depend on etiology and severity. The course is generally lifelong, though severity levels may change over time with interventions.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Etiologies are heterogeneous and include genetic syndromes, inborn errors of metabolism, brain malformations, maternal disease, environmental influences (e.g., alcohol), perinatal events, and postnatal causes like infections or head trauma.
Culture-Related Issues
Occurs across all cultures. Assessment must be culturally sensitive. Cultural explanations for the disorder vary.
Sex- and Gender-Related Issues
Males are more likely than females to be diagnosed with both mild and severe forms.
Association with Suicidal Thoughts or Behavior
Individuals can be at risk for suicide, associated with comorbid mental disorders and stressors.
Differential Diagnosis
Major and mild neurocognitive disorders, Communication disorders and specific learning disorder, Autism spectrum disorder.
Comorbidity
Co-occurring neurodevelopmental and other mental and medical conditions are frequent, with rates of some conditions (e.g., mental disorders, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy) three to four times higher than in the general population. Common co-occurring disorders include ADHD, depressive and bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, impulse-control disorders, and major neurocognitive disorder.